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What Trump’s New Cabinet and Administration Picks Have in Common

What Trump’s New Cabinet and Administration Picks Have in Common


A number of patterns have emerged among the people President-elect Donald J. Trump has indicated he wants to fill his cabinet and other senior-level positions in his administration.

Some points of commonality are historically typical among senior White House and cabinet officials — Harvard, Yale and Princeton are well represented among his selections’ alma maters, for instance. Other uniting factors are unprecedented: Many on the list have denied or questioned the results of the 2020 presidential election, often a prerequisite for gaining Mr. Trump’s favor. And some lack the traditional qualifications shared by their predecessors.

Indeed, it appears that the most important qualifier in Mr. Trump’s mind has been fealty to him, which many of his picks have demonstrated in various ways over the past few years.

See some of the links between more than 60 potential members (in some cases pending confirmation) of the incoming administration, below.

At least 5 are billionaires.

Mr. Trump has picked two billionaires to lead key economic departments, raising questions about whether his administration will follow through on promises to boost the working class.

Scott Bessent, his choice for treasury secretary, is a hedge fund manager who invested money for George Soros, a liberal philanthropist, for more than a decade. Howard Lutnick, his pick for commerce secretary, is a Wall Street executive. Both Mr. Bessent and Mr. Lutnick have been vocal in their support for Mr. Trump’s plan to impose tariffs on imports, although they may prefer a more targeted approach.

Billionaire entrepreneurs Elon Musk and Vivek Ramaswamy will lead what Mr. Trump is calling the Department of Government Efficiency. Mr. Trump has said the new initiative would operate outside of the government and offer input to federal officials.

At least 8 have been major Trump donors.

The president-elect has also selected major campaign donors for key positions, including four to lead cabinet agencies: Mr. Lutnick and Mr. Bessent, as well as Chris Wright to lead the Energy Department and Linda McMahon to lead the Education Department. (Ms. McMahon and Mr. Lutnick are also co-chairs of the Trump transition.) As of the last federal filing, their contributions to support Mr. Trump during the 2024 election cycle ranged from $350,000 to $20 million.

John Phelan, Mr. Trump’s pick for Navy secretary, and his wife, Amy, donated more than $1 million to Mr. Trump’s joint fund-raising campaign committee.

Steven Witkoff, a billionaire real estate mogul who has given nearly $2 million to Mr. Trump’s political causes over the past decade, was named special envoy to the Middle East. He was on the golf course with Mr. Trump in September during a second assassination attempt.

Mr. Musk poured at least $75 million into a new pro-Trump super PAC and promised on Oct. 19 to award one voter $1 million every day through Election Day. The Justice Department warned Mr. Musk that the giveaway might be illegal, but a judge in Philadelphia refused to halt the sweepstakes.

Charles Kushner, Mr. Trump’s pick for ambassador to France, is a real estate executive who gave at least $2 million to support Mr. Trump.

At least 12 hosted or co-hosted events at Mar-a-Lago.

After Mr. Trump left the White House, Mar-a-Lago became the headquarters of the MAGA movement. Events hosted by right-wing organizations and politicians there largely replaced traditional Palm Beach society galas on the resort’s calendar, as a visit became an essential rite for many Republican candidates.

Many of Mr. Trump’s recent picks were regular fixtures at Mar-a-Lago during this time. Some did more than visit, choosing to host expensive receptions on the property. As Mar-a-Lago’s owner, Mr. Trump is the beneficiary of its profits.

Several of the proposed officials have held campaign fund-raisers or served on the host committee to support another candidate’s event. Others hosted or co-hosted larger events for organizations they lead or champion.

At least 13 made appearances at Trump’s criminal trial in New York.

Mr. Trump’s criminal trial in Manhattan was a staging ground for allies to prove their loyalty. Several of his recent picks traveled to New York in the spring to show support. Some were there in a professional context. Todd Blanche, Mr. Trump’s choice for deputy attorney general, was one of his trial lawyers, and Susie Wiles, Mr. Trump’s incoming chief of staff, was co-chair of his 2024 presidential campaign.

Others, like Vice President-elect JD Vance and Doug Burgum, Mr. Trump’s pick for interior secretary, attended the trial as spectators and attacked members of the presiding judge’s family on behalf of Mr. Trump, who was under a rule of silence. Both were considered potential running mates at the time.

At least 17 are associated with the America First Policy Institute or Project 2025.

Mr. Trump spent much of the campaign distancing himself from Project 2025, a sprawling initiative spearheaded by the Heritage Foundation that included a “blueprint” document for a new conservative administration that was authored in part by former Trump staffers. But since winning the election, Mr. Trump has picked at least seven people with ties to the controversial conservative policy initiative to serve in his administration.

Project 2025 also includes a database of Heritage-vetted personnel intended to help a Republican president build rank-and-file staff. It remains to be seen to what extent those candidates will be hired in the new administration.

The America First Policy Institute, which like the Heritage Foundation is a pro-Trump think tank, is also heavily represented in his picks so far. At least 11 of the people among his picks have ties to the upstart policy group. Much like Project 2025, the think tank has prepared staffing plans and a policy agenda, and it reportedly has drafted nearly 300 executive orders ready for Mr. Trump’s signature.

At least 11 are or have been Fox hosts or contributors.

Some of Mr. Trump’s appointees are closely linked to Fox as either hosts, former hosts or contributors. Pete Hegseth was a host on “Fox & Friends” until he became Mr. Trump’s pick for defense secretary. Mr. Hegseth’s co-host was Rachel Campos-Duffy, who is married to Sean Duffy, Mr. Trump’s cabinet pick for transportation secretary. Mr. Duffy also co-hosted a show on Fox Business.

Mr. Trump’s choice for ambassador to Israel, Mike Huckabee, hosted a show on Fox for seven years. More recently, Mr. Ramaswamy was tapped to host a five-part series on Fox Nation.

Many more figures in Mr. Trump’s orbit are frequent guests on Fox News, and several not counted here have contributed digital columns to the Fox News website. Mr. Wright caught Mr. Trump’s attention in part through his appearances on Fox News.

At least 9 are or have been registered lobbyists.

The revolving door between lobbying and government is a tradition in Washington — and one of the practices Mr. Trump pledged to eliminate when he said he would “drain the swamp.” But some of the people Mr. Trump has tapped for his administration have deep ties to that very swamp.

Ms. Wiles was registered as a lobbyist until early this year. Pam Bondi, Mr. Trump’s choice for attorney general, joined a lobbying firm run by a prominent Florida fund-raiser after she finished her second term as Florida attorney general. Mr. Duffy lobbied for a coalition of airlines in 2020.

Some of Mr. Trump’s selections not shown here have acted as lobbyists without officially registering — another longstanding custom in the nation’s capital. Russell T. Vought, Mr. Trump’s choice to lead the Office of Management and Budget, noted in paperwork for his 2017 Senate confirmation hearing that he had “engaged in grassroots lobbying.”

At least 28 served in or advised the previous Trump administration.

More than two dozen of Mr. Trump’s cabinet and other senior-level picks also served in some capacity in his first administration.

Some have been chosen for roles related to their previous jobs. Thomas Homan was the acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement during Mr. Trump’s first term and has been named the border czar, a position that does not require Senate confirmation, for the coming term.

Others have been tapped for roles less related to their previous positions. Ms. McMahon was the administrator of the Small Business Administration from 2017 to 2019, and she is now Mr. Trump’s choice for education secretary.

Several on this list did not have official, full-time jobs during Mr. Trump’s last term, but they were chosen by him to sit on advisory boards. Those people include Mr. Witkoff, Mr. Huckabee and Mr. Musk.

Explore the members of Mr. Trump’s proposed senior staff below.

Scott Bessent Potential role

Treasury secretary

Role infirst term

BillionareYes Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Jay Bhattacharya Potential role

National Institutes of Health director

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

James Blair Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Todd Blanche Potential role

Deputy attorney general

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Pam Bondi Potential role

Attorney general

Role infirst term

Member of board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Massad Boulos Potential role

Senior adviser for Arab and Middle Eastern affairs

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

James Braid Potential role

White House legislative affairs director

Role infirst term

Deputy to the associate director for
legislative affairs

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Matt Brasseaux Potential role

White House political affairs director

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Taylor Budowich Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Doug Burgum Potential role

Interior secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Brendan Carr Potential role

F.C.C. chairman

Role infirst term

F.C.C. commissioner

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Lori Chavez-DeRemer Potential role

Labor secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Steven Cheung Potential role

White House communications director

Role infirst term

White House director of strategic response

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Doug Collins Potential role

Veterans affairs secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Sean Duffy Potential role

Transportation secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes LobbyistYes

Tulsi Gabbard Potential role

Director of national intelligence

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Sergio Gor Potential role

White House director of personnel

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Sebastian Gorka Potential role

Deputy assistant to the president and senior director for counterterrorism

Role infirst term

Deputy assistant to the president and strategist

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Jamieson Greer Potential role

U.S. trade representative

Role infirst term

Chief of staff to trade representative

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Vince Haley Potential role

Director of the Domestic Policy Council

Role infirst term

Deputy assistant to the president

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Kevin Hassett Potential role

Director of White House National Economic Council

Role infirst term

Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Pete Hegseth Potential role

Defense secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Pete Hoekstra Potential role

Ambassador to Canada

Role infirst term

Ambassador to the Netherlands

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Thomas Homan Potential role

Border czar

Role infirst term

Acting director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Mike Huckabee Potential role

Ambassador to Israel

Role infirst term

Member of board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Keith Kellogg Potential role

Special envoy to Ukraine and Russia

Role infirst term

National security adviser to the vice president

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Potential role

Health and human services secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Charles Kushner Potential role

Ambassador to France

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Alex Latcham Potential role

White House public liaison director

Role infirst term

Special assistant to the president

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Karoline Leavitt Potential role

White House press secretary

Role infirst term

Assistant White House press secretary

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Howard Lutnick Potential role

Commerce secretary

Role infirst term

BillionareYes Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Martin A. Makary Potential role

F.D.A. commissioner

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Bill McGinley Potential role

White House counsel

Role infirst term

White House cabinet secretary

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Linda McMahon Potential role

Education secretary

Role infirst term

Small business administrator

Billionare Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Stephen Miller Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role infirst term

Senior adviser

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Elon Musk Potential role

Co-lead, government efficiency

Role infirst term

Member of Great American Economic Revival industry group

BillionareYes Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Janette Nesheiwat Potential role

U.S. surgeon general

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Kristi Noem Potential role

Homeland security secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Jim O’Neill Potential role

Deputy secretary of health and human services

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Mehmet Oz Potential role

Medicare and Medicaid administrator

Role infirst term

Member of president’s council on sports, fitness and nutrition

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Kash Patel Potential role

F.B.I. director

Role infirst term

Chief of staff to acting defense secretary

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

John Phelan Potential role

Navy secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Vivek Ramaswamy Potential role

Co-lead, government efficiency

Role infirst term

BillionareYes Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

John Ratcliffe Potential role

C.I.A. director

Role infirst term

Director of national intelligence

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Brooke Rollins Potential role

Agriculture secretary

Role infirst term

Acting domestic policy adviser

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Marco Rubio Potential role

Secretary of state

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

D. John Sauer Potential role

U.S. solicitor general

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Dan Scavino Potential role

White House deputy chief of staff

Role infirst term

White House deputy chief of staff

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Will Scharf Potential role

White House staff secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Elise Stefanik Potential role

U.N. ambassador

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Scott Turner Potential role

Housing and urban development secretary

Role infirst term

Executive director of White House opportunity and revitalization council

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

JD Vance Potential role

Vice president

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Russell T. Vought Potential role

Office of Management and Budget director

Role infirst term

Office of Management and Budget director

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Michael Waltz Potential role

National security adviser

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto FoxYes Lobbyist

Dave Weldon Potential role

C.D.C. director

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Matthew Whitaker Potential role

NATO ambassador

Role infirst term

Acting attorney general

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Susie Wiles Potential role

White House chief of staff

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trialYes Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Steven Witkoff Potential role

Middle East envoy

Role infirst term

Member of Great American Economic Revival industry group

BillionareYes Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Alex Wong Potential role

Assistant to the president and principal deputy national security adviser

Role infirst term

Deputy special representative for North Korea

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox LobbyistYes

Chris Wright Potential role

Energy secretary

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donorYes Hosted M.A.L.event(s) AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPI Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Lee Zeldin Potential role

E.P.A. administrator

Role infirst term

Billionare Major donor Hosted M.A.L.event(s)Yes AttendedN.Y. trial Ties to Proj. 2025 or AFPIYes Tiesto Fox Lobbyist

Methodology

This list reflects 61 cabinet and senior-level position picks that Mr. Trump had announced as of noon Eastern on Dec. 2.

To determine ties to Project 2025, The Times checked Mr. Trump’s proposed staff members against the authors, editors and contributors to the Project 2025 playbook, as well as the instructor lists in Project 2025’s training programs. Ties to the America First Policy Institute were determined by whether an individual had a listed role on the conservative group’s website or has served as a fellow for the group.

To determine ties to Fox News, The Times searched for each staff pick on Fox’s website, which lists individuals’ affiliations with Fox News. In instances where a biographical page was not available for a nominee, The Times attempted a further search on the Internet Archive and consulted news articles that described other relationships between the potential nominees and appointees and Fox News. In many cases, nominees had a presence on the Fox News website in the form of submitted opinion articles, but were not described as Fox contributors, so The Times did not classify them as being tied to Fox directly.

Accounts by Times reporters and photographers who covered Mr. Trump’s trial in New York were used to determine whether one of Mr. Trump’s picks attended the trial.

Those labeled billionaires have been referred to as such in other Times coverage.

Major donors include people who gave at least $250,000 to support Mr. Trump during the 2024 election cycle.

The Times used congressional lobbying disclosure databases to determine whether an individual is or has ever been a registered lobbyist.

To determine whether one of Mr. Trump’s picks hosted or co-hosted an event at Mar-a-Lago, The Times used permits from the town of Palm Beach; federal, state and county campaign finance records; tax records; social media posts; and promotional materials from organizations that held events.

The Times used the official White House archive from the first Trump administration to determine whether people selected for the second administration also served in the first. Some held multiple positions during the course of the administration. In most cases, the chart reflects the last position they held.



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