New research published Wednesday revealed the Arctic Ocean has been warming for decades longer than scientists previously understood, raising fresh concerns as the polar region faces the growing threat of a total loss of the seasonal ice that is crucial to the survival of the imperiled marine ecosystem.
"We're talking about the early 1900s, and by then we've already been supercharging the atmosphere with carbon dioxide."
A study published in Science Advances found that "the recent expansion of Atlantic waters into the Arctic Ocean"a phenomenon knows as "Atlantification"offers "undisputable evidence of the rapid changes occurring in this region."
"We reconstruct the history of Atlantification along the eastern Fram Strait during the past 800 years using precisely dated paleoceanographic records," the study's authors wrote, referring the the maritime passage between Greenland and Svalbard. "Our results show rapid changes in water mass properties that commenced in the early 20th centuryseveral decades before the documented Atlantification by instrumental records."
Study co-author Tessi Tommaso of the Institute of Polar Sciences at the National Research Council in Bologna, Italy, said in a statement that "when we looked at the whole 800-year timescale, our temperature and salinity records look pretty constant. But all of a sudden at the start of the 20th century, you get this marked change in temperature and salinityit really sticks out."
Francesco Muschitielloone of the study's authors and a Cambridge University geographertold CNN that "the Arctic Ocean has been warming up for much longer than we previously thought. And this is something that's a bit unsettling for many reasons, especially because the climate models that we use to cast projections of future climate change do not really simulate these type of changes."
"We're talking about the early 1900s, and by then we've already been supercharging the atmosphere with carbon dioxide," he continued. "It is possible that the Arctic Ocean is more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously thought. This will require more research, of course, because we don't have a solid grip on the actual mechanisms behind this early Atlantification."
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In September, Common Dreams reported that Arctic sea ice shrank to its second-smallest extent since record-keeping began more than four decades ago.
The new study also follows research published September in the journal Earth's Future showing that the Last Ice Areawhich is north of Canada and Greenland and is where the remaining summer sea ice will persist the longest as the climate emergency progressescould disappear completely by 2100.
"Unfortunately, this is a massive experiment we're doing," study co-author Robert Newton, a climate researcher at Columbia University and co-author of the Last Ice Area study, said in a statement. "If the year-round ice goes away, entire ice-dependent ecosystems will collapse, and something new will begin."
